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As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is divided into the following clade and family groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species are limited to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of all extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are blind because they do not have a pair of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 There are ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like people in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of instance, the intromittent organ is not present wikipedia reference in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a feature strikingly like that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a short amount of time, and therefore that they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and heavier legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an useful content arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.